Indications Changed color of anterior teeth, Incorrect shape of tooth or position in dental arch, Enamel defects such as enamel hypoplasia, attrition of teeth as a consequence of trauma, wide interproximal spaces like diastema.

Contraindications Bruxism and parafunction, Pathology of bite, more than 50% of enamel affected by pathology.

Tech Notes For facial reduction three wheel diamond depth cutter should be used for orientation grooves. For proximal reduction – round end tapered diamond bur is used as an extension for facial reduction.

Indications
Full-cast gold crowns are indicated for crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays and bridges.

Contraindications
Full-cast gold crowns are contraindicated for partials and implants.

Preparation
Inlays and onlays can also be fabricated as a full-cast restoration. Feather-edge margin preparations are indicated for full-cast restorations, but any margin preparation may be used.

Cementation
Panavia 21 (Must be tinplated if precious metal is used)
Glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji, GC America)
Zinc Phosphate Polycarboxylate Resin Ionomer cement (RelyX, 3M ESPE)

Tech Notes
All castings are made with a metal alloy, be it non-precious, semi-precious or precious metals. Alloys are classified by their content.
Base – contents include non-precious, Chrome Cobalt or Titanium
Noble – consists of 25 percent precious alloy
High Noble – consists of 60 percent precious metal with at least 40 percent being gold
Alloy type refers to the hardness and/or softness of the material.
Type I – Extra soft
Type II – Soft
Type III– Hard
Type IV – Extra Hard (Rigid)
Non-Precious, Noble 20, White High Noble – Type IV – Very hard and rigid. These crowns are more difficult to adjust and re-polish than alloys with a high gold content.
Full Cast 40 – Type III – Yellow high noble alloy. Brand name currently used is Argenco 40 HN.
Full Cast 52 HN – Type III – Yellow high noble alloy. Brand name currently used is Argenco 52.
Full Cast 75- Type III – Yellow high noble and is an upgrade from full cast 52. The gold is slightly more yellow in color. Brand name currently used Argenco 75.

Codes
D2790 Crown Full-Cast Hi-Noble Metal
D2791 Crown Full-Cast Predominantly Base Metal
D2792 Crown Full-Cast Noble Metal

Indications
Our PFMs can be used for crowns and bridges (up to fourteen units). PFMs can be manufactured to non-precious, semi-precious, and yellow high noble copings and can be used in conjunction with cast partials and implants.

Contraindications
Contraindicated when the patient has a metal allergy or when the size of the tooth pulp is negligibly smaller thus compromising the tooth preparation process. It is also contraindicated when the clinical tooth crown is very short and lacks the required stability including retention that is enough to provide the space for porcelain and metal.

Preparation
The ideal preparation for PFMs is a chamfer margin preparation. If a porcelain labial margin is prescribed, then a shoulder margin preparation is required. Feather-edge margin preparations are indicated for full-cast restorations.

Cementation
Panavia 21 – tin plated
Glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji, GC America)
Zinc Phosphate Polycarboxylate
Resin Ionomer cement (RelyX, 3M ESPE)

Tech Notes
If an adjustment is required on the ceramic, use a fine diamond with water and air to keep the crown cool. To contour the ceramic, polish with a pink rubber wheel and diamond polishing paste (Brasseler, Shofu, Vident).

Codes
D2750 Crown Porcelain fused to high noble
D2751 Crown Porcelain fused to non-precious
D2752 Crown Porcelain fused to semi-precious
D6750 Crown Porcelain fused to high noble (bridge units)
D6751 Crown Porcelain fused to non-precious (bridge units)
D6752 Crown Porcelain fused to semi-precious (bridge units)

Indications
IPS e.max press is indicated for full anterior or posterior crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays,as well as three-unit bridges having only one pontic with the second bicuspid as the most distal abutment.

Contraindications
Bridges which include molars, Maryland style bridges and bridges which have a short vertical height that does not allow for adequate connector height.

Cementation
IPS e.max layered – can be either cemented using a resin reinforced glass ionimer such as Relyx Luting cement. Or bonded using a resin cement, when extra strength is needed due to lack of retention on the prep, use a resin cement such as Relyx Unicem or Relyx Ultimate.

Preparation
Anterior full-coverage crowns require a chamfer or shoulder margin. A circular shoulder is prepared with rounded inner edges or a chamfer at an angle of 10-30°: the width of the shoulder/chamfer is approx. 1 mm. Facial reduction is 1.5 – 2 mm; 1 – 1.5 mm lingual contact clearance. Incisal reduction is 1.5 – 2 mm with rounded internal line angles, and an incisal edge at least 1mm wide to permit optimum milling of the incisal edge during CAD/CAM processing. Posterior full-coverage crown requires a chamfer or shoulder margin. A circular shoulder is prepared with rounded inner edges or a chamfer at an angle of 10-30°: the width of the shoulder/chamfer is approx. 1 mm. Occlusal reduction is 1.5 – 2 mm: axial reduction (buccal, lingual and interproximal) is 1.5 mm with rounded internal line angles.

Tech Notes
If adjustments are needed, use fine diamonds with water and light pressure. Always remove the crown when adjusting or bond/cement crown before adjustments are made.).

Codes
D2740 Crown
D2610 Inlay for 1 surface
D2620 Inlay for 2 surfaces
D2630 Inlay for 3  surfaces
D2962 Labial Veneer
D2783 Crown 3/4 Porcelain Ceramic (does not include veneers)